A rising health concern as ‘sloth fever’ spreads through insect bites, raising alarms in the U.S. and Europe.
In recent weeks, health officials have been on high alert due to the emergence of a new viral infection known as “sloth fever,” or oropouche virus. This arbovirus, which is primarily transmitted through insect bites, has already been reported in Florida and parts of Europe, prompting concerns about its potential spread and impact 1.
What is Sloth Fever?
Sloth fever, named for its association with areas inhabited by the pale-throated sloth, is caused by the oropouche virus. First identified in 1955 near the Oropouche River in Trinidad and Tobago, the virus is typically spread by small flies that bite both animals and humans. While the name may suggest a direct link to sloths, experts clarify that the virus is not transmitted from sloths to humans but rather through insect vectors that thrive in the same environments as these slow-moving mammals.
As of now, Florida has reported 20 travel-related cases, with nine individuals falling ill just last week. Meanwhile, Europe has recorded 19 cases, including two fatalities in Brazil attributed to the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has noted a significant uptick in cases, with over 8,000 reported since January 2024 alone, raising alarms about the virus’s expanding geographic reach.
Symptoms and Complications
The symptoms of sloth fever can manifest quickly, typically within three to ten days after exposure. Initial signs include:
- Sudden fever
- Severe headache
- Muscle soreness
- Eye pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
In more severe cases, the virus can lead to complications such as meningitis or encephalitis, with symptoms including confusion, light sensitivity, and neck stiffness. The CDC warns that up to four percent of those infected may develop these neuroinvasive diseases, which can significantly impact health outcomes.
Prevention and Treatment
Currently, there is no specific treatment for oropouche virus infection. Health officials recommend symptomatic care, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relief. However, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin should be avoided due to the risk of hemorrhage.To prevent infection, individuals are advised to take precautions against insect bites, such as using insect repellent, closing windows and doors, and avoiding areas with high insect populations. Pregnant individuals are particularly cautioned against traveling to regions where the virus is prevalent, as they may face additional health risks.
Conclusion
As sloth fever continues to spread, health authorities are urging vigilance and awareness. While the virus is currently more common in the Americas, its recent appearance in Europe underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and preventive measures. Public health officials emphasize the importance of understanding the transmission dynamics of the oropouche virus to effectively combat this emerging health threat.